SEVERE CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS

This study aims to analyze the relationship between chronic periodontitis and C-reactive protein (CRP), taking certain associated factors into consideration. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 75 adults of both sexes. After the participants had been interviewed, they underwent physical and dental examinations and blood collection. CRP levels were evaluated by means of nephelometry. A periodontal clinical examination was conducted by trained examiners and the diagnosis of chronic periodontitis was established when at least 30% of the individual’s teeth presented clinical attachment loss ≥ 5 mm. The analysis procedures consisted of descriptive analysis and linear regression. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in CRP levels between the groups with and without periodontitis. The median CRP level in the group with periodontitis was 2.3 mg/l (25-75% interquartile range, IQR = 0.74-5.4) and in the group without periodontitis, 1.8 mg/l (25-75% IQR = 0.79-4.54) (p = 0.417). Log CRP was significantly correlated only with the individual’s body mass index (BMI). The main findings from this study indicate that there is no association between severe chronic periodontitis and CRP, and factors like BMI need to be analyzed carefully in studies on this topic

DOENÇA PERIODONTAL MATERNA E PREMATURIDADE/BAIXO PESO AO NASCER: UMA METANÁLISE

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre doença periodontal (DP) e prematuridade/baixo peso ao nascer (PMBP).MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo de metanálise no qual foram empregadas as bases de dados PUBMED/Medline, Lilacs e SciELO  para selecionar estudos de caso-controle com ano de publicação no intervalo de tempo de  2001 a 2013.RESULTADOS: Dos 33 estudos de caso-controle elegíveis, 23 tiveram seus achados sumarizados na metanálise. O odds ratio da metanálise foi da ordem de 1,7 (95% IC [1,19 – 2,43],) apontando que gestantes com DP podem ter a chance elevada para terem filhos com PMBP ao serem comparadas àquelas sem DP.CONCLUSÃO: Os achados dessa metanálise sugerem que existe associação entre DP e PMBP

CONDIÇÃO BUCAL DE PUÉRPERAS ATENDIDAS EM UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO NO MUNICÍPIO DE FEIRA DE SANTANA, BAHIA, BRASIL

A gestação é um período marcado por modificações que podem refletir em alterações na cavidade bucal. Objetivo: descrever a condição bucal de puérperas examinadas no Hospital da Mulher em Feira de Santana, no período de 2010 a 2012. Materiais e Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo dacondição bucal de puérperas utilizando o banco de dados do projeto “Geravida” desenvolvido pelo Núcleo de Pesquisa, Prática Integrada e Investigação Multidisciplinar (NUPPIIM). A condição bucal das puérperas foi avaliada por meio de exame bucal para o diagnóstico de cárie e de doenças periodontais. Foramobtidas informações sobre as características sociodemográficas, saúde, estilo de vida e cuidado com a saúde bucal por meio de entrevista. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva das variáveis, obtendo-se a frequência simples para os dados dicotômicos e medidas de tendência central e dispersão para os dadosintervalares. Resultados: A população de estudo foi constituída por 372 puérperas com média de idade de 23,87± 6,67 anos, 71,97% não teve acesso a consulta com um cirurgião dentista durante a gestação e apenas 18,33% receberam orientação do dentista sobre saúde bucal, somente 1,35% das puérperas não realizaram pré-natal. A média do CPOD encontrada foi de 5,70± 5,14, com mediana de 5,00 [IQ:1,00-9,00]. Quanto à condição periodontal, das 371 examinadas (um dado perdido), 9,16% tiveram diagnóstico positivo para periodontite; dentre as 337 sem periodontite, 9,79% tiveram diagnóstico positivo para gengivite. Conclusão: as puérperas estão saudáveis, com baixoíndice de CPOD e doenças periodontais. Contudo é necessária uma maior divulgação sobre o pré-natal odontológico

Hearing Loss in the Elderly: A Proposal for Intervention in Primary Health Care

To evaluate the performance of professionals regarding knowledge about hearing loss in the elderly, through theoretical and practical training by a speech therapist. An intervention study was carried out with 87 Primary Health Care professionals in a municipality of Brazil. A survey of the participants’ knowledge related to hearing loss was performed using a data collection instrument composed of items related to both sociodemographic conditions and specific questions concerning the topic. This instrument was applied in two stages: before training and after training. The participants’ performance in relation to knowledge about hearing health was estimated by subtracting the post-training score from that obtained in pre-training. Participants were classified in higher performance (≥4 points) and lower performance (<4 points) groups. Other variables were collected: sex, age, occupation, schooling level, and length of professional service in health. The performance comparison estimated mean and the 95% confidence interval were calculated by the aforementioned variables using Student’s t -test. A comparison of these variables with higher performance was conducted using the X 2 test with a significance level of 5%. After training, there was an increase in the average performance of about 30% ( p  < .01). The highest performance was more frequent among professionals who reported having high school and below levels of education ( p  < .01) and who were community health agents ( p  = .01). The performance of the professionals regarding their knowledge about screening for hearing loss increased. The training showed low complexity and was feasible for health professionals

Association between hearing loss and cognitive decline in the elderly: A systematic review with meta-analysis study.

ObjectiveHearing loss has been pointed out as a potential predictor for cognitive decline. This study conducted a systematic review to evaluate the scientific evidence on the association between hearing loss in the elderly and cognitive decline, as well as whether race/color influences this relationship.MethodThe search for studies was performed in the following electronic databases: MedLine/PubMed Web of Science, Scopus and Virtual Health Library, and MedRkiv up to August 2022. Studies with epidemiological designs that assess the association between hearing loss and cognitive decline in the elderly were eligible for inclusion. Three independent reviewers performed the selection, data extraction and evaluation of the quality of the studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A meta-analysis using a random effects model estimated the global association measurements (Beta coefficient: β) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), and the Higgins and Thompson indicator (I2) was also estimated to assess statistical heterogeneity among the studies.Results5,207 records were identified in the database surveys, of which only 18 were eligible studies, totaling 19,551 individuals. Hearing loss was associated with cognitive decline in the elderly, with statistical significance: β = -0.13; 95%CI = -0.23 to -0.04; I2 = 98.70%). For black individuals, the magnitude of the association increased: β = -0.64; 95%CI = -3.36 to 2.07; I2 = 95.65%, but it was not statistically significant.ConclusionThe findings of this systematic review showed the existence of a significant relationship between hearing loss and cognitive decline in the elderly, as well as signaling that among black individuals the magnitude of the association can be increased

Depression and associated factors among Brazilian adults: the 2019 national healthcare population-based study

Abstract Background Mental disorders represent a major public health challenge worldwide, affecting 80% of people living in low- and middle-income countries. Depression, a mental disorder, is a chronic disease of long duration that causes changes in the brain, resulting from a combination of genetic, physiologic, environmental, and behavioral factors. The aim of this study was to investigate possible factors associated with depression in Brazilian adults. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study was carried out using the public domain database of the 2019 National Health Survey, conducted in Brazil. Depression was considered the dependent variable, and through hierarchical analysis, predictor variables were investigated such as, at the distal level—socioeconomic variables, at the intermediate level—variables related to lifestyle behavior, health condition, and history, and at the proximal level—demographic variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the adjusted Odds Ratio and the respective 95% confidence interval to identify possible factors associated with depression. Results The study included 88,531 participant records with 10.27% diagnosed with depression. The adjusted association measurements, after selecting the independent variables in the hierarchical analysis, showed the following factors associated with depression with differing magnitudes: age, brown and white race/skin color, female sex, poor, very poor, or regular self-reported health condition, diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, work-related musculoskeletal disorder, history of smoking habit, and macroeconomic region. Conclusions An effective strategy for preventing and managing depression in Brazilian adults must include the control of health status and lifestyle behavior factors, with actions and programs to reduce people's exposure to these factors, understanding that socioeconomic-demographic differences of each population can potentially reduce the disease burden

Is there association between stress and periodontitis?

Objective: This study estimated the association between stress and periodontitis. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 621 individuals. Information about individuals was obtained through a questionnaire. Stress was evaluated using the Perceived Stress Scale. The diagnosis of periodontitis was based on a complete periodontal examination including clinical attachment level, probing depth, and bleeding on probing. Prevalence ratios (PR), crude and adjusted, and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated by Poisson regression analysis. Results: In the final sample, 48.47% (301) of the individuals were classified as having stress, of which, 23.92% (72) had the diagnosis of periodontitis. Association measurements between stress and probing depth >= 4 mm (PRadjusted = 1.28, 95%CI [1.04 to 1.58]), stress and clinical attachment level >= 5 mm (PRadjusted = 1.15, 95%CI [1.01 to 1.31]), and stress and periodontitis (PRadjusted = 1.36, 95%CI [1.01 to 1.83]) showed that the frequency of these outcomes among those exposed to stress was 15-36% higher than those without the condition of stress, after adjustment for age, sex, schooling level, current smoking habit, pulmonary disease, and body mass index. Conclusions: The findings showed positive association between exposure to stress and the presence of periodontitis, reaffirming the need to prevent and control stress

Factors Associated with Cocaine Consumption among Suicide Victim

Cocaine use is an increasingly frequent event, especially in young people, and can cause irreversible consequences, such as suicide. To evaluate the factors associated with cocaine use in the moments preceding to suicide. This is a population-based, cross-sectional, and analytical study conducted in the Brazilian Federal District by researchers from the Department of Health and the Civil Police Institute of Criminalistics. All people who died due to suicide in 2018 were included in the survey. Cocaine use was considered the dependent variable, and robust Poisson regression was performed to estimate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective population confidence intervals. In 2018, 12,157 deaths were recorded, of which suicide accounted for 1.56% of all deaths. It was observed that being between 25 and 44 years old, male, and under the influence of alcohol or cannabis, had a strong positive association with cocaine consumption among suicide victims. Males, people with black skin, with lower level of education, with employment, and who were under the effect of the use of cannabis and/or alcohol in the previous hours of death had a higher propensity to consume cocaine immediately before suicide, with a moderate to strong magnitude of prevalence ratio. The findings of this research indicated the need for monitoring, by health services, of people most vulnerable to suicide through the consumption of psychoactive substances